Duty Fees at Malaysia

Entry Points

Wednesday, 22 July 2009 15:15

There are no translations available.

ENTRY POINTS:

Visitors can enter Malaysia by air, sea and road/train. The main entrances are as follows :

• International Airports
• Ports
• Roads
• Trains

ARRIVAL:

Upon arriving in Malaysia, visitors are to declare all dutiable or prohibited goods in their possession. Visitors are required to unpack and repack their baggage themselves for Customs inspection. This is defined under Section 103, Customs Act 1967.

Baggage inspection and imposition of Customs duty are done only at the entry points. Customs duty is not imposed on trips within Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. This does not include duty free zones which are Labuan in Sabah, Pulau Tioman in Pahang and Langkawi in Kedah. Customs duty will not be imposed on goods imported from Labuan and Langkawi except rubber, marble, anchovies and petroleum products.

GREEN / RED LANE SYSTEM:

If the visitors do not possess dutiable and / or prohibited goods at the entry points (for example in airports), where the Green / Red Lane exists, they can walk through the Green Lane. Otherwise the visitors have to walk through the Red Lane and declare the goods to the Customs Officers on duty.

DUTIABLE GOODS:

Under the prevailing Customs Duties Order, visitors must pay customs duties on all dutiable goods at the rate of 30% ad valorem provided that the goods are imported on or with the person entering Malaysia or are in the baggage of such person and intended for non-commercial use. In the case of alcoholic beverages, tyres, spirits, tobacco, cigarettes and motor vehicles, the rate of duty will be the prevailing rate at the time of importation. The goods are:

• Talc and face powder.
• Hair care products (for example hair cream, shampoo, hair color).
• Sound recorders and reproducers including record players and tape decks.
• Radio broadcast receivers including those incorporating sound recorders or reproducers for motor vehicles.
• Radio broadcast receivers incorporating sound recorders and reproducers.
• Radio broadcast receivers not incorporating sound recorders and reproducers and only mains operated.
• Ballpoint pen made of plastic.
• Carpets.
• Products made from cloth.
• Typewriter.
• Original and fake jewelries. 
• Glass products.
• Telephone.
• Electric iron.
• Television, spare parts and antenna
• Loud Speaker.
• Turntables.
• Video Cassette Recorder
• Amplifier.
• Slide Projector
• Table Fan.
• Sewing Machine (domestic).
• Fire extinguisher (portable).
• Electric lamp and accessory.
• Hair dryer
• Vacuum cleaner
• Food Blender and Mixer.
• Floor wax
• Electric Rice Cooker.
• Electric Kettle and Electric Water Heater.
• Vinyl Gramophone Record 
• Shavers and razor blades.
• Kitchen knives.
• Lamp shades.
• Playing cards.
• Fruits (fresh and preserved)
• Chocolate
• Ginseng.
• Calendar
• Car Accessories.
• Golf Balls.

The list above is not. exhaustive. Visitors who need further information is kindly advised to contact any Customs Officer  stationed at the Entry Points.. The Numbers to contact are:

                Padang Besar                                  04-9490214
                Bukit Kayu Hitam                             04-9221631
                LTA Langkawi                                 04-9551832
                LTA Bayan Lepas                             04-6434401
                LTA Kuala Lumpur, Sepang               03-87768555
                Tambak Johor                                 07-2224666
                Rantau Panjang                               09-7950349
                Pengkalan Kubor                              09-7211359
                LTA Kota Kinabalu                            088-259672
                LTA Labuan                                    087-412642
                LTA Kuching                                   082-456360

For the importation of  motorized vehicle, liquor, tyres, spirits, tobacco and cigarettes, the rate of duty follows the current rate as found in the Customs Duties Order 1996.

NON-DUTIABLE GOODS:

 Non-dutiable goods include:

• Fountain Pen.
• Cigarette Lighters (except of plastic).
• Printed books, newspapers, magazines and journals.
• Perfumes.
• Cosmetics (except face powder) and skin-care products like lipsticks, eye shadows, moisturizing cream, skin tonics.
• Manicure products like nail polisher and nail varnish.
• Carpets of jute.
• Portable radio equipped with recorder and sound reproducers (weighing not more than 10 kg., with handles / straps and AC/DC powered).
• Pocket watches, wrist watches and table / wall clocks.
• Photo cameras, camera flashbulbs, camera flashbulb equipments and film rolls.
• Cinematographic cameras, projectors, sound recorders and sound reproducers, for films of less than 16 mm width including cameras for double 8 mm film.
• Video cameras /  television cameras
• Pocket calculators.
• Shillings / Gold bar.
• Computer.
• Fishing equipments (e.g. Fishing rods, Fish hooks etc.)
• Golf clubs (complete).
• Racquets (Tennis, Badminton and the like)
• All sorts of balls except golf balls.
• All musical instruments (excluding upright piano)
• Leather shoes
• Leather bags including wallets and leather hand bags  
• Video tapes (empty or recorded)

*The Customs will screen private video tapes brought in.

DUTY EXEMPTION:

Customs Duties Orders (Exemption) 1988, Article 19 allows Malaysians and non-residents to import goods with Customs Duties Exemption if they fulfill these conditions:

• Wines, spirits or malt liquor not more than1 litre.
• Tobacco not more than 225 grams (equalling 200 cigarette sticks).
• 3 pairs of wearing apparels
• New shoes not exceeding 1 pair.
• Portable personal care products / personal hygiene using electric and also battery-powered not exceeding 1 unit
• Dutiable foodstuff not exceeding RM75 in value.
• Gifts and souvenirs not exceeding RM400 in value (except goods from Langkawi and Labuan, of a value not exceeding RM500).

The goods above can be imported and exempted from customs duty if all the conditions stated below are fulfilled:

•  Goods are imported  on the persons or in the visitors’ baggage.

•  Goods are personal and frequently used.

• The visitor can convince the Customs Officer that he / she is not a Malaysian and INTENDS to stay in Malaysia not less than 72 hours. Residents returning from abroad after an absence of not less than 72 hours (for Labuan Federal Territory, the period is 24 hours and for Langkawi, the period is 48 hours).

Malaysians or visitors with goods exceeding the duty exemption stated is required to pay the full duty on the excess goods at the rate of 30% of the value..

This customs duty exemption facility cannot be transferred or accumulated. 

FOREIGN AUTHORS AND JOURNALISTS:

Foreign travel authors and journalists can import equipments necessary to their profession, exempted from customs duty if:

• The said goods / equipments can be identified as the goods / equipments usually used by the travel authors and journalists.
• The goods / equipments are exported as soon as the job is completed.

TRADE SAMPLES:

Visitors can bring in trade samples not for commercial purposes and with no commercial value exempted from customs duty. However the justification for importing the samples must be given to the Proper Customs Officer on duty.

MOTOR VEHICLES:

Visitors or tourists can temporarily import a motor vehicle like cars or motorcycles free from duty, with the following conditions:-

• The motor vehicles had been registered by the authorities in charge of registering motor vehicles.
• The said motor vehicle must be re-exported within three months from the date of importation..

VISITOR’S DEPOSIT FACILITIES:

Visitors who bring in personal effects not exempted from customs duty, can deposit an amount of duty payable at the rate of 30% from the value of the said goods. This deposit will be returned immediately on the occasion of the visitors’ leaving Malaysia, through any main exit point, with the proviso that the said goods must be re-exported within three months from the date of importation. The goods attached with the deposit receipt and 30 cent stamp must be submitted to the Customs Officer on duty at the exit point before leaving Malaysia.

ATA CARNET:

ATA Carnet (admission temporaire) allows the temporary importation of goods for the purpose of exhibitions, advertisements, trade samples and professional equipments without going through the normal importation process including preparing a bank guarantee and Customs Form No. 1 in Malaysia, following such terms:

•  The imported goods are not subject to sale.

• The goods are re-exported within the approved period for its temporary importation.

ATA Carnet is issued by the International Trade and Industrial Chamber of the countries involved. In Malaysia the body concerned is:

Malaysia International Chamber of Commerce and Industry,

Tingkat 10, Wisma Damansara, Jalan Semantan, 50490 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2542677
Faks: 03-2554946

DUTY FREE SHOPS:

Duty free shops and complexes are found in the international airports, big towns, ports and at the borders. A wide variety of merchandises are sold at these shops / complexes at a reasonable price. Visitors can buy duty free goods at these shops / complexes, but for those arriving visitors, the items bought is limited to the quantity allowed under the  Customs Duties Order (Exemption) specified. (Please refer to "Duty Exemption for Visitors"). 

PROHIBITION / RESTRICTION OF IMPORT:

The goods described below are prohibited from entering Malaysia:

•  Any article bearing the imprint or reproduction of any currency note, bank note or coin whichare current or have at any time been issued or current in any country.

•  Indecent or obscene print, painting, photograph, book, card, lithographic or other engraving, film, video tape, laser disc, colour slides, computer diskettes and any other media (including unprocessed films) or any other indecent or obscene articles.

• Any emblem or device in circumstances which raise a reasonable presumption that such emblem or device was intended or was likely to be used in a manner prejudicial to the interest of Malaysia or to promote or foster a purpose prejudicial to or incompatible with peace, welfare or good order in Malaysia.
• All genus of Piranha.
• Turtle eggs.
• Cocoa pods, rambutan fruits, pulasan, longan and nam-nam from the Philippines and Indonesia.
• Intoxicating liquors containing any lead or compound of lead or more than 3.46 milligrams per litre, whether in the form of copper or any compound of copper.
• Daggers and flick knives.
• Broadcast receivers capable of receiving radio communication within the ranges (68 - 87) MHz and (108 - 174) MHz except those designed to receive meteorological broadcasts at sport frequencies.
• Sodium Arsenite
• Cloth bearing the imprint or reproduction of any verses of the Quran:

The importation of goods specified below are prohibited except under an import licence or permit from relevant authorities.

• Diamonds and diamond studded jewelleries (except in an acceptable amount as personal jewellery imported by the visitors / tourists in their baggage).
• Egg in the shell
• Fresh or preserved meat, bones, hides, skins, hoofs, horns, offals or any animal or poultry parts.
• Chicken / Duck meat
• Live animals - primates including ape, monkey, lemur, kandau, galago, potto and others.
• Explosives.
• Fireworks including fire crackers
• Imitation arms including toy guns and toy pistols.
• Imitation hand grenades Pens, pencils and other articles resembling syringes.
• Poisonous chemicals as listed: Crocidolite, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Terphenyls, Tris (2, 3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, Actinolite, Anthophyllite,Amosite, Tremolite

The goods listed below are prohibited from importation unless issued a licence / import  permit:

• Arms and ammunition as defined under the Arms Act 1960, other than personal arms and ammunition, imported by a bonafide traveller.
• Bullet-proof vests, steel helmets and other articles of clothing intended as protection against attack .
• Soil and pests including including live insects, rats, snails and plant cultures of disease causing organisms.
• Safety helmets except as worn by motor-cyclists or motor-cycle pillion riders
• Video machines, excluding game-watches and video games for use with a television receiver.
• Motor Vehicle.
• Round cabbage
• Sarong batik.
• Rice flour, rice polishing, rice bran and rice vermicelli.
• Equipment to be connected to a public telecommunication network.
• All radio communications apparatus capable of being used for telecommunication in the frequency band lower than 3000 GHz.
• Saccharine and its salts.
• Parabolic equipment, antenna parts for outdoor use.
• Pests and organisms capable of being injurious to plants.
• Live fish.
• Milk and milk products
• Animal oils and fats.
• Plants including parts and plant products.
• Meat extracts and meat juices.
• Household and agricultural pesticides.

• Electrical apparatus or accessories operating at 50 Volts or 120 Volts DC and above whether between conductors or between conductor and earth, for domestic use for example Plug tops (plug), Switches, Socket outlets, Lamp holders, Ceiling roses, Bayonet caps and multiway adapters, Fluorescent lamp fittings excluding fluorescent lamp tubes imported separately(of metal), Capacitors for fluorescent lamp, Ballast for fluorescent lamps, Circuit Breaker including AC Voltage-operated and current operated earth leakage circuit breakers and miniature circuit breakers, Instantaneous water heaters if including heater element if imported separately, Hand operated hair dryers, Table lamps having accessible metal parts, Electric kettle including heating elements if imported separately, Electric smoothing irons, Electric shavers(excluding battery operated, Food mixers/Blenders, Immersion water heaters, Hi-Fi Sets, Mosquito Mat Vapourisers, Toasters, Table fans, Televisions, Vacuum cleaners, including dry and wet vacuum cleaners, Video players, Washing machines, Refrigerators, Rice cookers, Christmas lights and running lights, Domestic power tools.

·        Toxic and dangerous waste materials.

·        Coral alive or dead except those which have been processed and used as jewellery.

·        Apparatus or equipment for the brewing of beer in homes

The above list is not exhaustive. For any inquiries please refer to the nearest Customs Office. Import licences are issued by these authorities:

General Goods and Motor Vehicles:

Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)

      Sokongan Perdagangan,
Tingkat Bawah, Blok 10,
Kompleks Pejabat Kerajaan,Jalan Duta,50622 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-6510033
Fax: 03-6513012

Plants and Plant Products

Agriculture Department,
Jalan Gallagher,
50480 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2983077
Fax: 03-2983646

Pesticides

Secretary,
Lembaga Racun Makhluk Perosak,
Bahagian Pelindungan Tanaman,
Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia,
Jalan Gallagher,
50480 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2983077
Fax: 03-2983646

Animals (domestic) and Animal Products

Veterinary Department,
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry,
Bangunan Chase Perdana,
Blok A, Tingkat 8 & 9, Exchange Square,
off Jalan Semantan,
Bukit Damansara,
50630 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2540077
Fax: 03-2540092
E-mail: nordin@jkh.gov.my

Wild Animals and Live Corals

Department of Wildlife Preservation and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
Km 10, Jalan Cheras,56100 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-9052872
Fax: 03-9052873

Firearms

Royal Malaysian Police Headquarters,Bukit Aman,50560 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2357999

Telecommunication Equipments

SIRIM BERHAD,
One Stop Centre, Building 11,
1 Persiaran Dato'' Menteri,
40911 Shah Alam, Selangor.
Tel: 03-5567947/5567948
Fax: 03-5567922
Laman web: http://www.sirim.my/

Electrical Goods

Jabatan Bekalan Elektrik (JBE),
Tingkat 19, Menara Dato Onn,
PWTC, Jalan Tun Ismail,
50480 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-4455445

Live Fish

Department of Fisheries Malaysia,
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry,
Tingkat 8 & 9, Wisma Tani,
Jalan Sultan Salahuddin,
50628 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2982011
Fax: 03-2910305

Pharmaceutical Goods

Pharmacy Division,
Ministry of Health,
Tingkat 11, Bangunan PERKIM,Jalan Ipoh,50590 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-4421211
Fax: 03-4411623

Toxic and Hazardous Waste Materials

Department of Environment,
Tingkat 12 & 13, Wisma Sime Darby,
Jalan Raja Laut,
50662 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: 03-2947844
Fax: 03-2931480

The importation of laser discs, video tapes and CD-rom requires a permit from the Film Censorship Board and payment should be made to the Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional (FINAS). The goods will then be released  from the Customs control to be sent to the Film Censorship Board for screening. 

Tourists coming in via airports with films, laser discs, video tapes and CD-rom for personal viewing do not have to follow the procedure above However, they have to hand these materials to the proper Customs Officer for screening purposes. After obtaining the Customs approval, they will have to fill in a declaration form which can be found in all airports. Below are addresses for:

Film Censorship Board,
1, Tingkat 12, Bangunan AMDB,
Jalan Lumut, Kompleks Damai,
50400 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel       : 03-4435992
Fax      : 03-4432275

Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional (FINAS),
Kompleks Studio Merdeka,Lot 1662, Batu 8, Hulu Kelang,68000 Ampang,
Selangor.
Tel       : 03-4085722
Fax      : 03-4075216

DANGEROUS DRUGS

Dangerous drugs (e.g. morphine, heroin, opium, ganja, etc) are prohibited from importation and exportation.

THE TRAFFICKING OF DRUGS IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED. THE PUNISHMENT FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING IS DEATH BY HANGING. Dangerous drugs can only be imported /exported with the approval of the  Ministry of Health, Malaysia.

Absolute Export Prohibition

Usually there is no restriction on exportation of goods bought by tourists / visitors. However the goods below are absolutely prohibited from exportation:

• Turtle eggs. 
• Rattan from Peninsular Malaysia
• Poisonous chemicals e.g. Crocidolite, Amosite and Tremolite.

The following are some of the goods which require an export licence / permit from relebvant authorities:

• Any animal or bird, other than a domestic animal or domestic fowl, whether alive or dead or any part thereof including all animals and birds specified in any written law in Malaysia.

• Live animals of the bovine species.
• Poultry.
• Meat of bovine animals
• Cockles
• Eggs
• Skins and other parts of birds, with their feathers or down, feathers and parts of feathers (whether or not with trimmed edges) and down, not further worked than cleaned, disinfected or treated forpreservation; powder and waste of feathers or parts of feather
• Plants including orchids.
• Vegetables, fresh, chilled or frozen in excess of 3 kg per consignment.
• Palm kernels and palm seeds
• Cloned rubber seed
• Army fatigues and equipments
• Arms and ammunition as defined under the Arms Act 1960, other than personal arms and ammunition, imported by a bonafide travelers.
• Antiquities as defined or stated in any written Malaysian legislations.
• Sugar
• Corals live or dead
• Live prawns / shrimps / fish
• Collection of zoological, botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, archaeological or ethnographical material with numismatic interest.

FURTHER iNFORMATION

The list above is not exhaustive. Please contact the relevant Customs Officer should there occur any problem or doubt.

Public Relations Unit,
Level 7 North, No.3 Persiaran Perdana,
Ministry of Finance,
Precinct 2,
62592 Putrajaya.

Tel : (603) 8882 2100 / 2414
Fax: (603) 8889 5884 / 5901
e-mail: kastam@customs.gov.my 
Website : http://www.customs.gov.my

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fwd 爽专栏：3C的爱情：男性角度...... 强啊！

倘若你和笔者一样有些年纪，应该还会记得陈升在「Summer」那张专辑中「关于男人」的歌词：「Wine，Woman and War，永远是男人的最爱......」想当年，还花了点时间找了找这句歌词的典故，结果却都指向The Six Million Dollar Man（港译：无敌金刚）这部上世纪70年代颇为经典的美国影集第一季的副标。当时有些失望，升哥大概也就这么随手捡个顺手的说法来用了吧......


也许在1970年那没什么消遣的年代，酒、女人与战争或许是男人的浪漫。事隔40年，除了女人不变，酒与战争似乎已经被其他东西给取代了。男人好斗的心也 许没变，战争也许换成了车（无论二轮的或四轮的）、换成了Online Game、换成了笔战......酒当然不是指饮酒，而是收藏酒，这收藏癖就成了漫画、玩具、公仔、键盘等等收不完整心不甘的嗜好。3C产品与其说取代斗 争与收藏，倒不如说和女人有些接近。


好吧，如果你是女性主义者，大概想说「怎么这么物化女性！」云云，不过我想不仅有我一个人会有以下这些想法：

择偶与选机

石榴姐，你风华绝代、万人惊艳，但是、但是就是不适合我嘛～（图片引用来源：唐伯虎点秋香）

介绍3C产品总是会遇到一个万年题目，开头总是会有这么一句话：「哪一款XX最适合你！」其中XX可以代入任何产品，上从计算机到相机，下到手机或MP3。这种题目能够一年复一年不停重复，毕竟永远有着出不完的新产品，而人们也总是有着各种需求。不过话说回来，无论有没有网络，产品制造者为了卖出产品，总是用尽方法宣传。没有网络的时代，看看广告、走到店头，都能看见这些产品；网络时代，随手开个购物网站，或者Google一下，也能看到数十种不同的产品。往往问题不是出现在供应那一端，而是需求这一端。

我在过年这段期间与大学同窗聚会，有位男同学是系上有名的班对，不管哪一堂课都是出双入对、卿卿我我，可是独身男性的大敌。但这次聚会却没看到他女友的身影，一问之下才知道他与交往十年的女友前阵子分手了。30岁的单身男性身价当然不算差，同学、同学的女友、老婆纷纷想帮他介绍，但问到他：「你喜欢怎么样的女孩？」时，他却说不出的所以然来，最后只落下一句：「我这十年来就谈这么一次恋爱，我也不晓得。」

这就像是朋友问到：「我最近想换计算机，你觉得哪一台比较好？」当然得看他前一台计算机的规格是什么，但打开他的旧计算机一看，嗯，Pentium III 1GHz、32MB GB 内存，亏他能用到现在不换。对他而言当然换哪一台都好，就算iPad都比旧计算机还快，问题是：你需要新计算机做什么？

喜欢怎么样的人，和怎么样的产品适合我一样，其实不是个一说就准的问题。就像买台相机问了个半天、调查个半天，总算买下手，使用后有着98%的满意度，但就是有一个怎么样都不习惯的小缺点。换了台评价不怎么好的相机，也许各个面向都不满意，但你却深深爱上他的色彩表现，最后不满意的缺点也都不重要了。

世界上没有完美的人，也没有完美的产品。总是在接触、磨合间知道自己重视些什么、哪些又能放宽一些。第一次买XX就上手，与初恋就陪伴一生一样梦幻。从一次次的恋爱与分手中找到真爱，就像相机达人一次次买了又卖才找到最适手的相机一样。（你也可以说相机不重要，摄影才重要；但也有人说你爱的是谁不重要，爱情本身才重要 :P）

探索过程中也许会有些失去、有些付出。但总比买了台1-2万的MacBook Pro，却仅用来上上网、收收信；娶了漂亮、贤慧的老婆回家，却少有时间陪她来得好。（当然，有钱又是另外一件事了，烟。）



谁说男人不在意笔电外观？

游戏笔电：Ugly but Powerful！如果你说你不在意外观，哪么你一定在意外观，只是外观无法量化，以致于你不知道怎么面对它、拥有它。



写指南写出名的DRE大大最近又有新作「笔电采购指南」，其中说出了个真理，就是凡是男人，都对数字有着相当的执着。（其实除了数字以外，对于英文字母也有执着之处，只是过去没这字母而已。你看最近Intel搞出了个 "K"，有没有这字母身价就差上一成。）

因为对数字执着，就不在意外观了嘛？其实还是会在意的。前阵子说服一位朋友跳脱Windows阵营，投入Mac的怀抱。由于价格相近，他始终在MacBook Pro与MacBook Air间犹豫不决，最终在CPU、硬盘与接口这三个数字的束缚下，他选择了MacBook Pro。后来相约到Starbucks，让我教他怎么使用Mac时。好死不死地在他正对面的男士拿出了MacBook Air，他脸上露出悔恨的神情，大概就像看到自己的梦中情人牵着其他男人的手走在路上一般。后来的时间里，他盯着对方MacBook Air背面那颗苹果的时间可能比看着自己MacBook Pro屏幕的时间还长。

男人总是矛盾。几乎所有的异性恋男人都爱正妹，但是当正妹在面前，敢去搭讪、交谈的却少之又少。就算认识了正妹，也不敢积极示好，被别人追走以后才在事后诸葛地说：「唉，我和他没共同的兴趣、我们个性和不来、布拉布拉......」

矛盾之处就是，明明「外观」就是一项价值，但似乎这项价值无法被量化，就不晓得该如何追求是好。事实上，当你拿着MacBook Air时，没有人在意他的CPU仅有1.4GHz、内存仅有2GB、SSD仅有64或128GB，但人们却都注意他的外观。就算你的笔记本电脑有着Core i7 2630QM CPU、NVIDIA Geforce 460M GDDR5加上8GB的DDR3 1333和1TB的SSD，嗯，我想应该也不会有多少人在意。（你知道我在比喻些什么。）

离开Starbucks前，朋友总算把目光回到自己的MacBook Pro上，问了我一句：「如果我把这一台退了，换台MacBook Air全加到满，大概要补多少钱？」我回答：「大概还要几千吧。」朋友默默收起计算机，不再出声。（当然，有钱又是另外一件事了。）


老的GF还是好的GF！

要不是GF2的推出，让GF1价格降低，也不会看到这么多人抢购这一台小巧、好携的m4/3相机。

年初Panasonic Lumix GF2的推出引起了购物网站上的一波热潮，但是年节过去，笔者身边没看到几台GF2，但GF1却足足多了将近十台，就连家人也抢了一台。去年一年，数字单反的价值翻了一翻，从对焦快、画质好、功能强，变成了画质好、机身小、效果好。

女人选偶有三高：学历高、收入高、身高高，当然如果是个年轻帅哥会更好。不过性别上不公平之处也在这里，要是你面前有位女性也是学历高、收入高、身高高，还是个年轻正妹，请问：您敢追嘛？

同样的标准，男性的话会是人人称羡，甚至年过30反而越陈越香；女性的话反而无人敢追，年过30就像GF1一样，优点依旧，但说得难听一点，身价越来越低。倒不是说这些女性因为自身条件好，所设下的条件让一般人高攀不起，而不如说男人是自尊心纠结成的块状物，别说对方收入、学历比你高了，光是身高高一点、就有许多男性受不了。

就像GF1明明是台不错的相机，但在他身价尚高时，许多缺点就被放大检视：例如动态范围不好、快门声音大、连拍不够快等等。但当他降到一机一镜不到两万时，抢到手的使用者却都各个拍得很开心，似乎先前挑三捡四问题全都没了一样。就像是条件好的年轻女性一样，身边也许总是不断有着传言：说她有公主病、对于配偶的要求很高、相处时相当龟毛等等，但实际上谈论这些的男性，却没有人敢于追求，等到她过了30岁，这些谣言逐渐消失，也就没人再提及了。

吃不到葡萄时，总说葡萄酸。当你买不起Leica M9时，任何听到的小缺点都会被加以放大、谣传，但当你实际拥有时，才发现这些缺点也不过就是经由口耳相传的闲言闲语。GF1如果真的不差，那一年多前上市价格与现在其实仅差个数百元，尽管现在便宜许多，但这一年的时间却无法回头重过一遍。如果对方条件好、身价高、又无人追求，为什么又要等待呢？（当然，有钱又是另外一回事了。）

P.S. 话说女性角度颇想指名Annti来写的...（敲碗）


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[转载] 黑白暗房-沖片實務

先就藥水部分

一般來說這裡藥水是市面上也是黑白暗房中起比較容易購得的 D76 顯影劑 , 急制劑stop , 定影劑fix , 海波清除劑 , 水斑防止液

1.D76顯影劑 長的就是這副模樣

 
根據藥劑包上的說明,可以調配成原液或1:1的濃度顯影,對不同的底片顯影時間也不同(每包顯影劑可配製成3.8L的工作液)

 


2.急制液stop

 

根據說明可以16ml 原液配製成1L的工作液,溫度為攝氏20度,操作30秒以上至1分鐘

 


3.定影液fix

 

根據說明原液以1:3比例稀釋使用,定影時間為2-4分鐘,沖Tri-x底片時則要5-10分鐘,(根據EDDY告訴我的方法,可以丟一小片片頭進去,計算片頭變成片基原色的時候就是定影的時間)

 


4.海波清除劑Hypo-clean

 

根據說明每包藥劑可配製成3.8L的原液,使用時以1:4的比例稀釋,在定影後先水洗30秒,然後使用海波清除液1-2分鐘,最後再水洗5分鐘(使用海波清除劑可以縮短水洗的時間)

 


5.水斑防止液Flo

 


水斑防止液使用時以1:200的比例稀釋(10ml 加水至 2L),在底片水洗後泡入水斑防止液30秒,吊掛晾乾

 




開始沖片
1.準備所有的器材,燒杯,玻璃棒,溫度計,還有2000ml的逆滲透水(自來水可能會有雜質,沖出來的片子可能會比較不潔)

 

2.準備好顯影液回收桶,定影液回收桶

 

 


3.所有的藥劑都泡好濃度以後,開始將底片上夾....
因為沒有買抽片器,,只好用暴力破壞法,..需要的工具--一字起(操作時小心不要被底片鐵殼割傷)

 



4.上夾後順便剪下一小片片頭(測試定影時間用...)

 

5.測試後變成片基的顏色

 


6.以下是我的沖片步驟
=========================
全部沖片過程水溫藥水控制在20度C  黑白底片的沖洗步驟主藥流程為: 顯影---急制---定影---水洗---晾乾

先將底片在全黑的環境下或是暗帶里面開啟底片盒

用剪刀將底片片頭剪平

將底片奘捲再沖片冠的片夾芯上 將底片全部捲入片夾芯里 確保在上片的過程中不出現底片卡住的現象 然後將有裝上底片的底片夾裝入沖片罐里

1.20oC水預濕2分鐘(可以去除Tmax 的紫色) 預濕的目的是使底片的感光劑能夠均勻的吸收水分 防止出現顯影不均的現象

2將預濕的水倒出後加入.顯影D76 (1:1)20oC – Tmax 400 (12:30)(按照說明不同底片操作不同時間) ，前50秒持續搖晃(不要太暴力), 之後每 30秒搖晃5秒,最後30秒持續搖晃,時間到後將顯影液從沖片罐中倒出,然後立刻用清水沖洗一次 
搖晃的幅度和顆粒的大小有關, 也跟反差有關.
如果希望冲出細緻的質感, 可以搖晃得越溫柔越好(每分鐘搖十秒, 每十秒搖晃3次算是溫柔的)
如果希望反差大一點, 可以加大搖晃的動作(每30秒搖五秒, 每五秒搖晃三次, 算是劇烈的)
倒出的顯影劑不回收

3.顯影完需以急制液1分鐘以停止顯影動作再行定影。急制液以每1公升水加入16ml急制液原液，溫度為20左右至少30秒以上。(我是沖一卷，8ml 加水至500ml ，通常我是搖晃沖片罐操作1分鐘，) 其目的就是要中和顯影液化學作用 急制液通常不回收  但如果你是用冰醋酸15:1000代替急制液 建議回收使用

4.定影液的原液以1:3 的比例稀釋，定影時間可以用泡好的定影液丟一節片投下去計時，直到他變成片基原色時為止，作為定影時間參考(我洗Tmax400時大概是5分鐘左右)

5.將定影液倒入回收筒中(可以繼續使用) 一般定影液基本上可以沖15捲左右底片後我會更換

6.定影完成後先水洗30秒再加入海波清除劑2分鐘(搖一分，停一分。海波清除劑將藥粉泡成原液後，以1:4的比例稀釋使用)可減短水洗時間，我都水洗5-10分鐘

7.加入STB水斑防止液(以1:200的比例稀釋使用),清水沖洗30分鐘後將底片泡入水斑防止液中拿出吊掛乾燥完成沖片

==============================
ps.
根據網友的建議,D76好像不能分次泡,要一次泡好,泡好以後要靜置24小時才可以使用,泡好後以3.8公升的不透光桶裝填,放在冰箱(小心拿錯,...不過我第一次沖片,用分次泡,泡完大概半小時就開始沖片,好像也沒問題,...)
另外TMAX使用的定影液建議使用兩次就不要再用了,...

沖片的技術要領:

在底片的沖洗的環節步驟中 以顯影跟定影時間 溫度和搖晃頻率微控制關鍵 如果在沖洗的過程中不對這三方面加以控制 是無法獲得高品質的影像的

1顯影溫度與時間

溫度與時間是顯影的兩個重要因素 在顯影時間不變的情況下 顯影溫度過高 會導致顯影過度 影像密度增大 反差加強 顆粒也會變大 並容易產生灰霧感  反之 顯影溫度過低 會導致顯影不足 影像密度減小 反差減弱 
要是顯影溫度不變的情況下 若顯影時間過長 會導致顯影過度 影像密度增加 反差加強 並易產生灰霧感 當顯影時間過短 會導致顯影不足 影像密度減小 反差減弱
所以一般顯影標準溫度都控制在20度+-5度為宜 而每種底片都有其顯影時間做為參考 根據經驗 溫度升高一度 顯影時間減少半分鐘至一分鐘 而溫度降低一度 顯影時間則增加半分鐘至一分鐘

2顯影搖晃

顯影時搖晃沖片罐的目的就是使底片上的藥膜乳劑的顯影液不斷更新 防止因得不到更新而藥效下降 使得顯影速度減慢 同時搖晃還能防止顯影不均和氣泡產生
顯影搖晃的頻率對沖洗有顯著的影響 搖晃過頻 底片上的藥膜乳劑附近的顯影劑更換過快 顯影速度加速 底片的影像會出現反差變大 顆粒變粗 反之搖晃過少 影像反差變小

3定影

底片經過顯影 急制後 感光的部分的鹵化銀以黑色呈現 而未感光的鹵化銀部分以透明或是白色的狀態出現 定影的作用就是將底片上的鹵化銀永久的固定下來
定影的溫度為有顯影時那樣嚴格 但是溫度過低 定影速度慢 溫度高易使底片的鹵化銀發軟而易損 所以一般以15度-25度之內為宜 
========

補充:
D76 配置 儲存

#1.先用小水桶 --> 加入 3800ml 的逆滲透水 --> 倒入整包 D76 藥劑

 

#2. D76 不易溶解...用白紙蓋起來以免灰塵掉入

 

#3.準備六~七瓶小保特瓶(600ml),...(裝到滿大概可以裝650ml左右...剛好可以(1:1)洗四卷135)

 

#4.外面用封箱膠帶黏起來,..比較不透光,..也確定不會把它當礦泉水喝掉(不然再畫上骷髏頭...)

 

#5.將泡好的D76 裝瓶,..在膠帶上寫上沖泡日期,..

 

#6.貼上去,...用完後膠帶再撕掉就好...
....打算把它放在機房,...(辦公室沒有冰箱,..)常溫儲存....20度左右...




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